↑ See for a detailed geologic timescale Gradstein et al. (2004)
Văn liệu
Gradstein, F.M.; J.G. Ogg; A.G. Smith (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press.
Hilgen, F.J.; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; G. Villa; C.G. Langereis; W.J. Zachariasse (2000). The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Messinian Stage (uppermost Miocene). tr. 172–178.
Mayer-Eymar, Karl (1867). Catalogue systématique et descriptif des fossiles des terrains tertiaires qui se trouvent du Musée fédéral de Zürich (bằng tiếng Pháp). Zürich.
